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Italy was also facing higher borrowing costs causing experts to worry the country's could soon find the rates unsustainable.

Tokyo-area hospitals "have their hands full," the Tokyo Medical Practitioners Association says in an open letter to Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga. The group represents some 6,000 primary care doctors.

2: Writer WALTER MOSLEY. His first book, "Devil In A Blue Dress," (Norton) is a hard-boiled detective story starring a black gumshoe up against white prejudice. MOSLEY's mysteries are loosely based on stories his father told him about black culture the 1940's. His latest book is called "A Red Death" (Thorndike). (REBROADCAST FROM 6/8/90)Mystery writer SUE GRAFTON. Her heroine, Kinsey Millhone, is a new breed of hard-boiled detective: competent and self-reliant, thirty-two years old, twice married with no kids, and currently single. The Kinsey Millhone mystery series began with "A is for Alibi" , and continues through the alphabet. GRAFTON's latest mystery is "I is for Innocent" (Fawcett). (REBROADCAST FROM 5

ALISON DES FORGES (pronounced DAY-FORZSH). She's a professor at the State University of New York at Buffalo, where her specialty concerns the central African countries of Rwanda and Burundi. She's also the Co-Chair of the International Commission on Human Rights Abuse in Rwanda, and a consultant to Human Rights Watch Africa on Rwanda and Burundi. Rwanda has descended into civil strife since April 6th, when the Rwanda and the Burundi presidents were both killed in a plane crash. Rebels, mostly made up of the minority Tutsi tribe, have battled the Rwandan government's troops and army, which are both dominated by the Hutu majority. An estimated 100,000 Rwandans have been killed in tribal massacres and clashes between troops and civilians since the beginning of the month.

2: Journalist STAN SESSER, who details the successful marketing of American cigarettes in Asian countries in a New Yorker article, (September 6, 1993). SESSER claims the continent of Asia consumes half the world's cigarettes. Of particular interest to American tobacco firms is China -- despite explict laws prohibiting the sale or advertising of foreign cigarettes -- because three hundred million people smoke (more people than the entire population of the United States). An official of the World Health Organization says deaths by cigarettes in China will soon wipe out gains made in preventing deaths from malnutrition and communicable diseases.

& 2: .Foreign Correspondent for NPR, TOM GJELTON. He's been reporting from Bosnia. GJELTON won the prestigious George Polk Award for his piece, "Massacre on the Mountaintop." The piece aired September 22, 1992 and described a massacre of 200 Bosnian Muslim men. The George Polk Award honors excellence in journalism. GJELTON also reported on the Gulf War and on the conflicts in Central America. (REBROADCAST from 4/6/93).Foreign correspondent for "Newsday," ROY GUTMAN. He and his photographer were the first western journalists to report on genocide in a Serb-run concentration camp. Shortly after the story was published the camp was closed and the Red Cross let in. Their reporting led to public outrage, and official condemnation by the United Nations. GUTTMAN won a Pulitzer Prize for this reporting. The dispatches have now been collected in a new book, "A Witness to Genocide: The 1993 Pulitzer Prize-Winning Dispatches on the 'Ethnic Cleansing' of Bosnia." (Macmillan Publishing). (REBROADCAST FROM 9/

2: Veteran TV journalist DAVID BRINKLEY. His book, Washington Goes to War, was a surprise best-seller. The book, based on Brinkley's personal experiences and reflections, told the story of Washington in the early 40s, and how both the government and town itself were transformed by the responsibilities thrust on them as a result of the war. (REBROADCAST from 7/6/89). BRINKLEY has a new book: David Brinkley: A Memoir (Knopf).Journalist and former anchor of the CBS News, WALTER CRONKITE. CRONKITE worked at CBS News for 31 years. This interview took place in 1993 after his documentary "The Faltering Dream," in which he interviewed notable black leaders including Reverend Jesse Jackson and Spike Lee about race relations. (REBROADCAST from 10

Book critic MAUREEN CORRIGAN reviews the new collection of stories by Andre Dubus "Dancing After Hours." ( Writer ANDRE DUBUS ("dah-bues"). Dubus' short stories earned him 1991's Bernard Malamud Award from the writers group, PEN. In 1986 DUBUS was crippled when he was hit by a car as he was trying to assist another motorist. We'll broadcast a 1991 interview with DUBUS. (REBROADCAST from 6/25/91). His new collection of essays is "Dancing After Hours." (

JONESBORO — As part of the celebration of 100 years of The Herald of Arkansas State University, there will be a special reception, Thursday, Nov. 18, at 6 p.m., in Centennial Hall in the Reng Student Union on campus.

NPR's Steve Inskeep profiles Vermont Sen. Jim Jeffords, a moderate Republican who cast a crucial vote against President Bush's $1.6 trillion tax cut proposal. Sen. Jeffords' tie-breaking ability on close votes in the evenly divided Senate gives him considerable influence. He used it to help reduce the size of the tax cut by about a fourth and divert more than $200 billion of it to pay for special education. Jeffords was just re-elected and has received less criticism in his home-state than from conservative Republicans in Washington, D.C.